Triangle of Fire:-
Heat
Fuel
Oxygen: 21% in Air
Spread of Fire:
Three modes:
1) Conduction: Travel from one side to another side
2) Convection: It is applicable in Chemical and Gases. One thing collapse another
3) Radiation: Laser is the form of Radiation
Principles of Extinguishing:-
1) Heat ------- Oxygen
2) Smothering: mean to cover with anything.
3) Cooling: Water etc.
Classification of Fire:
A) Class fire: wood , paper, cloth,rubber, etc. ( Extinguisher Type: Water)
B) Liquids: ( Oils, Paints, etc) (Foam: AFFF (Aqus film forming foam protiene)
C) Gases: ( Sui gas, LPG, CNG, Hydrogen) ( DCP: Dry Chemical Powder( Ammonium Phosphate +Silicon)
D) Light metals: Like magnesium use in color form ( Dry Chemical Powder)
E) Electric, Electrical equipment ( Co2, Halotron) Halotron has more density than air.
Remember: Smoke will increase less of oxygen.
Carbon will be increase.
Back Draft:
A fire that has burned out all the oxygen in a room leaving only superheated gases.
Indications:
1) Yellow or brown smoke exits in puff form.
2) Incomplete Combustion caused dark colours.
3) Un burned carbon
Signs & Symptoms:
Yellow or brown smoke, Smoke which exits small holes in Puff
2) Extremely hot surrounding environment
Always occurred in Basement
Suit: Black Smoke
Cracked Windows
Slight Vibration of glass pan
Air Suction
Preventive Measures:
Immediate Evacution
Ventilation
Careful Entry
Boundry cooling
Fire Suit
Flash Over:-
Temperature: 500c (930 F)
Stages of Flashover:-
1) Initial Fire procedure layer of Hot Smoke
2) Hot Smoke spreads across the ceiling
3) Hot smoke bounded by the walls
4) Depth of Buoyant smoke layers grows
Fires always travel from ceiling to Wall.
Radiated heat, Heat the combustible materials
Flammable gases are given off
Surface Temperature attained from.
Brick : 250c
Concrete: 800c – 900c
Preventive Measures:-
1) Careful entry ( Sitting beside the door) Always use Nomex Material Turn Out gear
2) Use of Appropriate PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment)
Fire Prevention System:-
1) Hydrant system
2) Wet Hydrant system anytime available
3) Dry: No water in lines, Stored in Tank Fixed Installation
4) Sprinkler System: Installed in Walls inside
5) Operate Automatically.
6) Heat & Smoke Detectors: Is a fixed fired detection system.
7) To detect heat
8) Smoke Detector: To detect smoke
9) Fire Alarm system: Fixed fire appliances:-
10) Nozzels, Hose, Hose reels, (Nozel: 2.50 inches) ( Reels: 75 Inches)
Emergency Exits:-
1) Fire stairs
2) Fire doors
3) First Aid Fire Appliances
4) Fire Extinguisher
5) SCBA: Self contained breathing apparatus
Gas / Smoke Masks
Respirators: Effective
EEBD: Emergency Escape Breathing Devices: ( 5-10 minutes)
EMBOW Bags:
Fire plans:-
1) Sketch of a building
2) Fire Fighting Appliances
3) Installations
4) Emergency evacuation plan
Classification of Fire Volume:
Small Fire: 1-2 Jets
Medium Fire: 3-8 Jets
Large Fire: 9-18
Major Fire: 18 + plus
Extinguisher Parts:
1) Neck Ring
2) N2 20%
3) Water (80%)
4) Plastic Belt
5) Syphone Tube
6) Barrel
7) Bottom Ring
What is P A S S?
P: Pull the Pin
A: Aim the nozzle at fire
S: Squeeze the lever
S: Sweep
